is a long-term medical condition where the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood becomes too high. This happens when the body cannot produce enough insulin or cannot use insulin properly. Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that helps sugar from food enter the body’s cells to be used for energy.

Types of Diabetes

1. Type 1 Diabetes
   • The body’s immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
   • The body produces little or no insulin.
   • Usually develops in children or young adults.
   • People need daily insulin injections.
2. Type 2 Diabetes
   • The most common type.
   • The body does not use insulin effectively (called insulin resistance).
   • Often linked to lifestyle and genetics.
3. Gestational Diabetes
   • Occurs during pregnancy.
   • Usually disappears after birth but increases risk of developing Type 2 later.

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Main Causes of Diabetes

The causes depend on the type, but common causes and risk factors include:

1. Genetic factors

• If family members have diabetes, the risk increases.

2. Overweight or obesity

• Excess body fat makes the body resistant to insulin.

3. Unhealthy diet

• Eating too much sugar, processed food, and high-calorie foods.

4. Lack of physical activity

• Not exercising can lead to weight gain and insulin resistance.

5. Autoimmune reaction

• In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells.

6. Hormonal changes in pregnancy

• Can lead to gestational diabetes.

7. Age

• Risk increases after age 40, though it can occur earlier.

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Common Symptoms

People with diabetes may experience:

• Frequent urination
• Excessive thirst
• Extreme hunger
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Slow healing wounds
• Unexplained weight loss

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✅ Good news: Diabetes can often be managed or prevented with:

• Healthy eating
• Regular exercise
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Regular medical checkups